Македонски 
Ελληνικά (Ελλάδα) 
Български 
Albanian(sq-AL) 
Centers of excellence in the Balkan-Mediterranean region
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Balkan-Mediterranean region
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Innovation readines -
Greece
Greece is a Moderate Innovator. Over time, performance has increased by 0.7% relative to that of the EU in 2010.
Innovation system
Relative strengths of the innovation system are in Innovators, Attractive research systems, and Human resources. Relative weaknesses are in Innovation-friendly environment, Intellectual assets, and Finance and support.
Structural differences
Notable differences are a larger share of employment in Agriculture & Mining, a smaller share of employment in Manufacturing, in High and Medium high-tech manufacturing and in Utilities and Construction, a larger share of employment in Public administration, a larger share of micro enterprises in turnover, a smaller share of large enterprises in turnover, a smaller share of foreign controlled enterprises, a lower number of Top R&D spending enterprises and a lower average R&D spending ofthese enterprises, lower GDP per capita, a lower and negative growth rate of GDP, a lower and negative growth rate of population, and lower population density.
| GR | EU | |
|---|---|---|
| Structure of the economy | ||
| Composition of employment, average 2011-15 | ||
| - Agriculture & Mining (NACE A-B) (%) | 13.3 | 5.1 |
| - Manufacturing (NACE C) (%) | 9.4 | 15.6 |
| of which High and Medium high-tech (%) | 13.6 | 36.4 |
| - Utilities and Construction (NACE D-F) (%) | 6.3 | 8.6 |
| - Services (NACE G-N) (%) | 62.1 | 63.6 |
| of which Knowledge-intensive services (%) | 49.6 | 58.0 |
| - Public administration, etc. (NACE O-U) (%) | 8.9 | 7.1 |
| Business indicators | ||
| Composition of turnover, average 2011-2014 | ||
| - Micro enterprises (0-9 employees) (%) | 35.9 | 17.3 |
| - SMEs (10-249 employees) (%) | 36.5 | 38.0 |
| - Large enterprises (250+ employees) (%) | 28.1 | 44.1 |
| Share of foreign controlled enterprises, 2014 (%) | 0.23 | 1.18 |
| Top R&D spending enterprises | ||
| - average number per 10 mln population, 2011-15 | 4.2 | 29.9 |
| - average R&D spending, mln Euros, 2011-15 | 30.2 | 165.8 |
| Enterprise births (10+ empl.) (%), avg 2012-14 | n/a | 1.5 |
| Buyer sophistication 1-7 (best), 2013-14 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
| Ease of starting a business, Doing Business 2017 | 68.7 | 76.5 |
| Socio-demographic indicators | ||
| GDP per capita, PPS, avg 2011-13 | 19,900 | 25,400 |
| Change in GDP between 2010 and 2015, (%) | -18.4 | 5.4 |
| Population size, avg 2011-15 (millions) | 11.0 | 505.5 |
| Change in population between 2010 and 2015 (%) | -2.3 | 1.1 |
| Population aged 15-64, avg 2011-2015 (%) | 65.3 | 66.1 |
| Population density, average 2011-15 | 83.0 | 116.4 |
| Degree of urbanisation, average 2011-15 (%) | 68.5 | 74.4 |
Innovation readines -
FYROM
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) is a Modest Innovator. Over time, performance has increased by 10.4% relative to that of the EU in 2010.
Innovation system
Relative strengths of the innovation system are in Sales impacts, Firm investment, and Innovation-friendly environment. Relative weaknesses are in Finance and support, Employment impacts, and Intellectual assets.
Structural differences
Notable differences are a larger share of employment in Industry, a smaller share of employment in Services, lower buyer sophistication, lower GDP per capita, a higher growth rate of GDP, a lower growth rate of population, and lower population density.
| MK | EU | |
|---|---|---|
| Structure of the economy | ||
| Share of employment in Agriculture, avg 2011-15 | 18.2 | 4.8 |
| Share of employment in Industry, avg 2011-15 | 30.2 | 24.4 |
| Share of employment in Services, avg 2011-15 | 53.6 | 70.2 |
| Business indicators | ||
| Top R&D spending enterprises | ||
| - average number per 10 mln population, 2011-15 | none | 29.9 |
| - average R&D spending, mln Euros, 2011-15 | none | 165.8 |
| Buyer sophistication 1-7 (best), 2013-14 | 2.8 | 3.6 |
| Ease of starting a business, Doing Business 2017 | 81.7 | 76.5 |
| Socio-demographic indicators | ||
| GDP per capita, PPS, avg 2011-13 | 3600 | 25,400 |
| Change in GDP between 2010 and 2015, (%) | 12.5 | 5.4 |
| Population size, avg 2011-15 (millions) | 2.1 | 505.5 |
| Change in population between 2010 and 2015 (%) | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| Population aged 15-64, avg 2011-2015 (%) | 70.8 | 66.1 |
| Population density, average 2011-15 | 82.2 | 116.4 |
| Degree of urbanisation, average 2011-15 (%) | 57.0 | 74.4 |
Innovation readines -
Bulgaria
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Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Curabitur sodales ligula in libero. Sed dignissim lacinia nunc. Curabitur tortor. Pellentesque nibh. Aenean quam. In scelerisque sem at dolor. Maecenas mattis. Sed convallis tristique sem. Proin ut ligula vel nunc egestas porttitor. Morbi lectus risus, iaculis vel, suscipit quis, luctus non, massa. Fusce ac turpis quis ligula lacinia aliquet. Mauris ipsum. Nulla metus metus, ullamcorper vel, tincidunt sed, euismod in, nibh.
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Integer euismod lacus luctus magna. Quisque cursus, metus vitae pharetra auctor, sem massa mattis sem, at interdum magna augue eget diam. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Morbi lacinia molestie dui. Praesent blandit dolor. Sed non quam. In vel mi sit amet augue congue elementum. Morbi in ipsum sit amet pede facilisis laoreet. Donec lacus nunc, viverra nec, blandit vel, egestas et, augue. Vestibulum tincidunt malesuada tellus. Ut ultrices ultrices enim. Curabitur sit amet mauris.
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Morbi in dui quis est pulvinar ullamcorper. Nulla facilisi. Integer lacinia sollicitudin massa. Cras metus. Sed aliquet risus a tortor. Integer id quam. Morbi mi. Quisque nisl felis, venenatis tristique, dignissim in, ultrices sit amet, augue. Proin sodales libero eget ante. Nulla quam. Aenean laoreet. Vestibulum nisi lectus, commodo ac, facilisis ac, ultricies eu, pede.
Innovation readines -
Cyprus
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Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Curabitur sodales ligula in libero. Sed dignissim lacinia nunc. Curabitur tortor. Pellentesque nibh. Aenean quam. In scelerisque sem at dolor. Maecenas mattis. Sed convallis tristique sem. Proin ut ligula vel nunc egestas porttitor. Morbi lectus risus, iaculis vel, suscipit quis, luctus non, massa. Fusce ac turpis quis ligula lacinia aliquet. Mauris ipsum. Nulla metus metus, ullamcorper vel, tincidunt sed, euismod in, nibh.
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Integer euismod lacus luctus magna. Quisque cursus, metus vitae pharetra auctor, sem massa mattis sem, at interdum magna augue eget diam. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Morbi lacinia molestie dui. Praesent blandit dolor. Sed non quam. In vel mi sit amet augue congue elementum. Morbi in ipsum sit amet pede facilisis laoreet. Donec lacus nunc, viverra nec, blandit vel, egestas et, augue. Vestibulum tincidunt malesuada tellus. Ut ultrices ultrices enim. Curabitur sit amet mauris.
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Morbi in dui quis est pulvinar ullamcorper. Nulla facilisi. Integer lacinia sollicitudin massa. Cras metus. Sed aliquet risus a tortor. Integer id quam. Morbi mi. Quisque nisl felis, venenatis tristique, dignissim in, ultrices sit amet, augue. Proin sodales libero eget ante. Nulla quam. Aenean laoreet. Vestibulum nisi lectus, commodo ac, facilisis ac, ultricies eu, pede.
Innovation readines -
Albania
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Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Curabitur sodales ligula in libero. Sed dignissim lacinia nunc. Curabitur tortor. Pellentesque nibh. Aenean quam. In scelerisque sem at dolor. Maecenas mattis. Sed convallis tristique sem. Proin ut ligula vel nunc egestas porttitor. Morbi lectus risus, iaculis vel, suscipit quis, luctus non, massa. Fusce ac turpis quis ligula lacinia aliquet. Mauris ipsum. Nulla metus metus, ullamcorper vel, tincidunt sed, euismod in, nibh.
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Integer euismod lacus luctus magna. Quisque cursus, metus vitae pharetra auctor, sem massa mattis sem, at interdum magna augue eget diam. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Morbi lacinia molestie dui. Praesent blandit dolor. Sed non quam. In vel mi sit amet augue congue elementum. Morbi in ipsum sit amet pede facilisis laoreet. Donec lacus nunc, viverra nec, blandit vel, egestas et, augue. Vestibulum tincidunt malesuada tellus. Ut ultrices ultrices enim. Curabitur sit amet mauris.
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Morbi in dui quis est pulvinar ullamcorper. Nulla facilisi. Integer lacinia sollicitudin massa. Cras metus. Sed aliquet risus a tortor. Integer id quam. Morbi mi. Quisque nisl felis, venenatis tristique, dignissim in, ultrices sit amet, augue. Proin sodales libero eget ante. Nulla quam. Aenean laoreet. Vestibulum nisi lectus, commodo ac, facilisis ac, ultricies eu, pede.
